The total area of the city is 173.46 km 2 (66.97 sq mi), hence it is the 30th largest city in Germany measured by land area. Its course is marked by a stone and painted line in the Stadtgarten (municipal park). Its geographical coordinates are 49☀0′N 8☂4′E / 49.000°N 8.400☎ / 49.000 8.400 the 49th parallel runs through the city centre, which puts it at the same latitude as much of the Canada–United States border, the cities Vancouver (Canada), Paris (France), Regensburg (Germany), and Hulunbuir (China).
The city lies at an altitude between 100 and 322 m (near the communications tower in the suburb of Grünwettersbach). Two tributaries of the Rhine, the Alb and the Pfinz, flow through the city from the Kraichgau to eventually join the Rhine. The city centre is about 7.5 km (4.7 mi) from the river, as measured from the Marktplatz (Market Square). The Rhine, one of the world's most important shipping routes, forms the western limits of the city, beyond which lie the towns of Maximiliansau and Wörth am Rhein in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It contains the Turmberg in the east, and also lies on the borders of the Kraichgau leading to the Northern Black Forest. Karlsruhe lies completely to the east of the Rhine, and almost completely on the Upper Rhine Plain. The 49th parallel north in the Karlsruhe Stadtgarten Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Airport ( Flughafen Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden) is the second-busiest airport of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart Airport, and the 17th-busiest airport of Germany. There are nine institutions of higher education in the city, most notably the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ( Karlsruher Institut für Technologie). Its most remarkable building is Karlsruhe Palace, which was built in 1715. Karlsruhe was the capital of the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach ( Durlach: 1565–1718 Karlsruhe: 1718–1771), the Margraviate of Baden (1771–1803), the Electorate of Baden (1803–1806), the Grand Duchy of Baden (1806–1918), and the Republic of Baden (1918–1945). Located on the right bank of the Rhine near the French border, between the Mannheim/ Ludwigshafen conurbation to the north and Strasbourg/ Kehl to the south, Karlsruhe is Germany's legal center, being home to the Federal Constitutional Court ( Bundesverfassungsgericht), the Federal Court of Justice ( Bundesgerichtshof) and the Public Prosecutor General of the Federal Court of Justice ( Generalbundesanwalt beim Bundesgerichtshof). It is also a former capital of Baden, a historic region named after Hohenbaden Castle in the city of Baden-Baden. Karlsruhe ( / ˈ k ɑːr l z r uː ə/ KARLZ-roo-ə, US also / ˈ k ɑːr l s-/ KARLSS-, German: ( listen) South Franconian: Kallsruh) is the third-largest city of the German state ( Land) of Baden-Württemberg after its capital of Stuttgart and Mannheim, and the 22nd-largest city in the nation, with 308,436 inhabitants.
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